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South Carolina 12th Infantry (Confederate)

7/1/61

Organized - South Carolina 12th Infantry - South Carolina

7/2/61

Battle - Hoke's Run - Berkeley County, West Virginia

1/1/62

Battle - Port Royal - Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, South Carolina

5/27/62

Battle - Hanover Court House - Hanover County, Virginia

5/31/62

Battle - Seven Pines - Henrico County, Virginia

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Seven Pines

Gen. Joseph E. Johnston withdrew his army from the Virginia Peninsula toward the Confederate capital of Richmond as Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's army pursued him. By the end of May, Johnston held a defensive position seven miles east of the city on the Richmond and York River Railroad. McClellan's army facing Johnston straddled the Chickahominy River and stretched south. Capturing the initiative from his Union foe, Johnston attempted to overwhelm two Federal corps isolated south of the river. The Confed…READ MORE

6/27/62

Battle - Gaines' Mill - Hanover County, Virginia

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Gaines' Mill

Despite his victory over the Confederates at Beaver Dam Creek on June 26th, Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter's Fifth Corps abandoned its position early on June 27th and established a new defensive line along Boatswain's Creek, just north of the Chickahominy River.READ MORE

6/30/62

Battle - Glendale - Henrico County, Virginia

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Glendale

Following the rear guard action at Savage's Station on June 29th, Maj. Gen. George McClellan's Army of the Potomac continued its retreat toward the safety of Harrison's Landing on the James River. On June 30th, after five days of constant fighting, the Confederate divisions of Maj. Gens. Benjamin Huger, James Longstreet, and A.P. Hill converged on the retreating Union army in the vicinity of Glendale. Longstreet's and Hill's attacks penetrated the Union defense near Willis Church, routing Brig. Gen. George…READ MORE

8/9/62

Leadership Change - Division - Major General A.P. Hill

Major GeneralA.P. Hill

8/9/62

Battle - Cedar Mountain - Culpeper County, Virginia

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Cedar Mountain

Maj. Gen. John Pope was placed in command of the newly-constituted Army of Virginia on June 26th. Pope's orders were to defend Washington DC and Union-held northern Virginia while the Army of the Potomac under Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan battled Robert E. Lee outside of Richmond. When McClellan was defeated at the end of the Seven Days battles less than a week later, Lee turned his attention north toward Pope while McClellan regrouped his army. Pope's three army corps were arrayed in a line from the Blu…READ MORE

8/28/62

Leadership Change - Regiment - Colonel Dixon Barnes

8/28/62

Leadership Change - Division - Major General Ambrose P. Hill

Major GeneralAmbrose P. Hill

8/28/62

Battle - Second Bull Run - Prince William County, Virginia

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Second Bull Run

After the early summer collapse of the Union Peninsula Campaign offensive to capture Richmond, Robert E. Lee sought to move his army north and threaten Washington DC before Union forces could regroup.READ MORE

9/1/62

Battle - Chantilly - Fairfax County, Virginia

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Chantilly

Confederate Maj. Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson hoped to cut off the Union retreat from Manassas the day after the Confederate victory at the second battle fought there. Jackson's wing of Lee's army made a wide, flanking march, screened by Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry, north and then east, to take the strategically important village of Germantown. There, Maj. Gen. John Pope's only two retreat routes to Washington - the Warrenton Pike and the Little River Turnpike - converged. On September 1st, beyond Chanti…READ MORE

9/17/62

Leadership Change - Regiment - Colonel Dixon Barnes, and Major William H. McCorkle

9/17/62

Leadership Change - Regiment - Colonel Dixon Barnes

9/17/62

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Maxcy Gregg

Brigadier GeneralMaxcy Gregg

9/17/62

Battle - Antietam - Sharpsburg, Maryland

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Antietam

The Army of the Potomac, under the command of Maj. Gen. George McClellan, mounted a series of powerful assaults against General Robert E. Lee's forces along Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17th, 1862.READ MORE

9/19/62

Battle - Shepherdstown - Jefferson County, West Virginia

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Shepherdstown

On September 18th, the day after the battle at Antietam, both sides remained on the battlefield too bloodied to resume fighting. That evening, lead elements of Gen. Robert E. Lee's army began to withdraw across the Potomac River back into Virginia at Boteler's Ford near Shepherdstown. Artillery on the south side of the river placed by Brig. Gen. William Pendleton covered the crossing of the remainder of Lee's army that night. On September 20th, a detachment of Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter's Fifth Corps pushe…READ MORE

12/13/62

Leadership Change - Regiment - Colonel Richard G. Mills Dunovant

12/13/62

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Maxcy Gregg, and Colonel Samuel McGowan

Brigadier GeneralMaxcy Gregg

ColonelSamuel McGowan

12/13/62

Leadership Change - Division - Major General A. P. Hill

Major GeneralA. P. Hill

12/13/62

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Maxcy Gregg

Brigadier GeneralMaxcy Gregg

12/13/62

Battle - Fredericksburg - Fredericksburg, Virginia

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Fredericksburg

In early November, Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside took command of the Army of the Potomac, and made immediate plans to move the army once again toward Richmond.READ MORE

4/30/63

Leadership Change - Regiment - Colonel John L. Miller

4/30/63

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Samuel McGowan, Colonel Abner M. Perrin, Colonel Daniel H. Hamilton, and Colonel Oliver E. Edwards

4/30/63

Leadership Change - Division - Brigadier General Henry Heth, Brigadier General James J. Archer, Brigadier General William D. Pender, and Major General Ambrose P. Hill

Brigadier GeneralHenry Heth

Brigadier GeneralJames J. Archer

Brigadier GeneralWilliam D. Pender

Major GeneralAmbrose P. Hill

4/30/63

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Samuel McGowan

Brigadier GeneralSamuel McGowan

4/30/63

Leadership Change - Brigade - Colonel Oliver E. Edwards

4/30/63

Leadership Change - Division - Brigadier General Henry Heth

Brigadier GeneralHenry Heth

4/30/63

Leadership Change - Division - Brigadier General William D. Pender

Brigadier GeneralWilliam D. Pender

4/30/63

Battle - Chancellorsville - Spotsylvania County, Virginia

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Chancellorsville

On April 27, 1863, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker launched a turning movement designed to pry Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia out of its lines at Fredericksburg.READ MORE

7/1/63

Leadership Change - Regiment - Colonel John L. Miller, and Major E. F. Bookter

7/1/63

Leadership Change - Brigade - Colonel Abner M. Perrin

7/1/63

Leadership Change - Division - Brigadier General James H. Lane, Major General Isaac R. Trimble, and Major General William D. Pender

Brigadier GeneralJames H. Lane

Major GeneralIsaac R. Trimble

Major GeneralWilliam D. Pender

7/1/63

Leadership Change - Division - Major General William D. Pender

Major GeneralWilliam D. Pender

7/1/63

Leadership Change - Division - Major General Isaac R. Trimble

Major GeneralIsaac R. Trimble

7/1/63

Battle - Gettysburg - Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

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Gettysburg

In the summer of 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee launched his second invasion of the Northern states. Lee sought to capitalize on recent Confederate victories and defeat the Union army on Northern soil, which he hoped would force the Lincoln administration to negotiate for peace. Lee also sought to take the war out of the ravaged Virginia farmland and gather supplies for his Army of Northern Virginia. Using the Shenandoah Valley as cover for his army, Lee was pursued first by Union Maj. Gen. Joseph Ho…READ MORE

7/6/63

Battle - Williamsport - Washington County, Maryland

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Williamsport

During the night of July 4-5th, General Robert E. Lee's battered army began its retreat from Gettysburg, moving southwest toward Hagerstown and the Potomac River crossing at Williamsport, screened by Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry. Lee's infantry reached the rain-swollen Potomac but could not cross, the pontoon bridge having been destroyed by a cavalry raid. On July 11th, Lee entrenched a line protecting the river crossings at Williamsport and waited for Maj. Gen. George G. Meade's army to advance. On…READ MORE

11/27/63

Battle - Mine Run - Orange County, Virginia

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Mine Run

After the inconclusive Bristoe Campaign in the fall of 1863, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade planned one more offensive against Gen. Robert E. Lee in northern Virginia before winter weather ended military operations. In late November, Meade attempted to steal a march southeast from Culpeper Courthouse, turn south through the Wilderness and strike the right flank of the Confederate army south of the Rapidan River. On November 27th, Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early, in command of Ewell's Corps, marched east on the Orange…READ MORE

5/5/64

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Samuel McGowan

Brigadier GeneralSamuel McGowan

5/5/64

Leadership Change - Division - Major General Cadmus M. Wilcox

Major GeneralCadmus M. Wilcox

5/5/64

Battle - Wilderness - Spotsylvania County, Virginia; Orange County, Virginia

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Wilderness

The first battle between Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Gen. Robert E. Lee erupted late in the morning of May 5, 1864, as Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren's Union V Corps attacked Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps on the Orange Turnpike southwest of the old Chancellorsville battlefield. Although Federal infantry managed to break through at several points, the Confederate line held. Fighting shifted to the south as Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill's Third Corps engaged Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock's II Corps and ele…READ MORE

5/8/64

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Samuel McGowan, Colonel Benjamin T. Brockman, and Colonel Joseph N. Brown

5/8/64

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Samuel McGowan

Brigadier GeneralSamuel McGowan

5/8/64

Leadership Change - Brigade - Colonel Benjamin T. Brockman

5/8/64

Battle - Spotsylvania Court House - Spotsylvania County, Virginia

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Spotsylvania Court House

Following the Battle of the Wilderness, Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant marched the Union army south with the hope of capturing Spotsylvania Court House and preventing Robert E. Lee's army from retreating further. Lee's Confederates, however, managed to get ahead of the Federals and block the road. Fighting began on May 8th, when the Union Fifth Corps under Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren and the Sixth Corps under Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick engaged Confederate Maj. Gen. Richard Anderson's First Corps at Laurel Hi…READ MORE

5/23/64

Battle - North Anna - Caroline County, Virginia; Hanover County, Virginia

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North Anna

Following the stalemate at Spotsylvania Court House, Grant was determined to continue his offensive against Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. After a failed attempt to bait Lee out of his earthworks, he found the Confederates entrenched on the south side of the North Anna River, where Lee's "inverted V" defenses forced Grant to divide his army into three parts in order to attack. On May 23rd, one of Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill's divisions assaulted the isolated Fifth Corps on the Union right which had crossed the r…READ MORE

5/31/64

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General James Conner, and Lieutenant Colonel Isaac F. Hunt

Brigadier GeneralJames Conner

Lieutenant ColonelIsaac F. Hunt

5/31/64

Battle - Cold Harbor - Hanover County; near Mechanicsville, Virginia

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Cold Harbor

After two days of inconclusive fighting along Totopotomoy Creek northeast of Richmond, Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Gen. Robert E. Lee turned their sights on the crossroads of Cold Harbor. Roads emanating through this critical junction led to Richmond as well as supply and reinforcement sources for the Union army. On May 31, 1864, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan's cavalry captured Cold Harbor. The next day, Sheridan held the crossroads against a Confederate attack. With reinforcements from both armies arriving…READ MORE

8/14/64

Leadership Change - Brigade - Brigadier General Samuel McGowan

Brigadier GeneralSamuel McGowan

8/14/64

Battle - Second Deep Bottom - Henrico County, Virginia

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Second Deep Bottom

As he had done in late July during the Battle of the Crater, Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant called upon Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock and his Second Corps to attack Gen. Robert E. Lee's forces around Richmond to exploit suspected weaknesses in Lee's lines. In early August, Grant had detached the Sixth Corps from the Union lines around Richmond and Petersburg and sent them to the Shenandoah Valley under Maj. Gen. Phil Sheridan. Sheridan's new army there was to counter Gen. Jubal Early, then operating in the v…READ MORE

10/27/64

Leadership Change - Division - Major General Henry Heth

Major GeneralHenry Heth

10/27/64

Battle - Boydton Plank Road - Dinwiddie County, Virginia

4/2/65

Battle - Third Petersburg - Dinwiddie County, Virginia; Petersburg, Virginia

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Third Petersburg

With the Confederate defeat at Five Forks on April 1st, Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Maj. Gen. George Meade ordered a general assault against the Petersburg lines by the Second, Ninth, Sixth and Twenty-Fourth Corps to take place April 2nd. In the pre-dawn darkness, the Union infantry gained a successful breakthrough where Maj. Gen. Horatio G. Wright's advancing Sixth Corps met the Confederate lines held by Maj. Gen. A. P. Hill near the Boydton Plank Road. Hill was killed trying to reach his troops in t…READ MORE

4/9/65

Battle - Appomattox Court House - Appomattox Court House, Virginia

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Appomattox Court House

Between 26,000 and 28,000 Confederate soldiers surrendered and were paroled.READ MORE

4/9/65

Mustered Out - South Carolina 12th Infantry - South Carolina

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